Nails, often overlooked and considered as a purely aesthetic feature, are in fact a fundamental part of our body with important biological functions. They serve as protective shields for our fingertips, enhance our tactile ability to pick up small objects, and even act as a window to our overall health, reflecting nutritional deficiencies or systemic diseases.
However, just like any other part of our body, nails are not immune to various diseases and conditions. These can affect their appearance, structure, and function, causing not only cosmetic concerns but also physical discomfort. In this article, we will delve into the world of common nail diseases, exploring their causes, symptoms, and impacts.
Moreover, we will provide practical, easy-to-follow approaches to prevent these conditions and care for your nails, helping you maintain not just their aesthetic appeal, but more importantly, their health and function.
Common Nail Diseases
1. Brittle Nail Syndrome
Brittle nail syndrome is characterised by nails that are dry, brittle, and often split. It can be caused by frequent wetting and drying of the nails, exposure to harsh chemicals, or an underlying health condition. Treatment often involves avoiding the causative factors and using moisturising creams or nail hardeners.
2. Onychomycosis
Onychomycosis, or fungal nail infection, is characterised by yellow, thickened, and brittle nails. It’s caused by various types of fungi, including dermatophytes, yeasts, and moulds. Treatment typically involves anti-fungal medications, either topical or oral.
3. Paronychia
Paronychia is an infection of the skin around the nail, causing redness, swelling, and discomfort. It can be acute (caused by bacteria) or chronic (usually caused by fungus). Treatment often involves antibiotics or antifungal medications.
4. Nail Psoriasis
Nail psoriasis can cause pitting, abnormal nail growth, and discoloration. It’s often associated with skin psoriasis but can occur independently. Treatment may involve topical treatments, light therapy, or systemic medications.
5. Longitudinal Melanonychia
Longitudinal melanonychia is characterised by a dark streak along the nail. It can be caused by increased melanin production or, rarely, by a type of skin cancer called melanoma. Treatment depends on the underlying cause.
6. Beau’s Lines
Beau’s lines are horizontal grooves or depressions in the nail. They can be caused by severe illness, injury to the nail, or certain medications. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause.
7. Onychomadesis
Onychomadesis results in the shedding or separation of the nail from the nail bed. It can be caused by infections, severe systemic illness, or certain medications. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause.
8. Retronychia
Retronychia, or the backward growth of the nail, is often caused by trauma or constant pressure on the nails. It can lead to pain and inflammation. Treatment often involves removing the backward-growing nail.
Prevention and Care
1. Maintain Good Hygiene:
Regularly clean and trim your nails. Avoid biting your nails or picking at your cuticles, which can damage the nail bed and increase the risk of infection.
2. Keep Nails Dry and Clean:
Fungi and bacteria thrive in moist environments. Wear breathable footwear, use anti-fungal powders if needed, and dry your hands and feet thoroughly after washing.
3. Protect Your Nails:
Wear gloves when doing chores that may damage your nails or expose them to chemicals. Avoid harsh nail care products and limit professional manicures and pedicures that can cause nail damage.
4. Eat a Balanced Diet:
Nutrients like biotin, found in eggs, fish, and nuts, can help maintain healthy nails. A diet rich in protein, essential fatty acids, and vitamins can also contribute to nail health.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice changes in your nails such as discolouration, thickening, separation from the skin, or if you experience pain, it’s important to seek medical advice. These could be signs of underlying health issues that need to be addressed.
In conclusion, while nail diseases are common, they can often be prevented with proper nail care and hygiene. A balanced diet and protective measures can also contribute to nail health.
Remember, your nails are a reflection of your overall health. Take care of them, and they will serve you well. Schedule a consultation with Dr Teo today and take the first step towards healthier nails.
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